Novel CPG algorithm for tracking fast sudden changes based on tangent rule

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel tracking method to deal with fast changes of solar irradiation and power limit change in order to increase tracking efficiency. This goal is achieved by estimating (i) next operating mode and (ii) next step point with the use of tangent rule in triangle. After every fast response to sudden changes, accurate response phase starts in order to track desired power in each operating mode by adaptive step size. Drift problem in defining next operating mode is eliminated in proposed method by estimating next operating mode, and settling time is decreased to about 25 percent of settling time of other methods by estimating next step point. Simulation and experimental results show the performance of proposed method.     

Computer‐aided design methodology for linearity enhancement of multiwatt GaN HEMT amplifiers using multiple parallel devices

This article presents a design methodology for linearizing GaN HEMT amplifiers based on splitting a large FET into multiple parallel FETs with same total gate periphery and by biasing them individually. By varying the biases, the magnitude and the phase of the IMD3 components at the output of FET changes. A detailed simulation methodology using commercial microwave CAD software is presented. Simulation results show that by biasing one device in Class AB and other(s) in deep Class AB mode, IMD3 components of parallel FETs can be made out of phase to each other leading to cancellation and improvement in linearity. Three prototype circuits were simulated using (a) a single 5 mm FET (1 × 5 mm), (b) two parallel 2.5 mm FETs (2 × 2.5 mm), and (c) four parallel 1.25 mm FETs (4 × 1.25 mm), for a total gate periphery of 5 mm, over the frequency range of 0.8 to 1.0 GHz. IMD3 improvement up to 20 dBc was achieved with the 4 × 1.25 mm circuit when the FET biases were optimized. Measurement results show improvement in linearity up to 20 dBc for 4 × 1.25 mm circuit. The proposed method improves linearity without a substantial penalty on the power consumption and is straightforward to implement.     

2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性

目前矿区地表单点沉陷动态预计方法主要基于传统的水准测量数据,监测方法单一,成本高,观测点易破坏,不能保证地表形变信息的实时性,且采用灰色模型进行地表沉陷预计时只针对单一模型的应用,没有结合模型自身特点分析其适用性。以袁店二矿7221工作面为试验区域,采用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测矿区地表沉陷量,分别建立了描述沉陷量与时间关系的GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型进行地表沉陷量预计,实现了矿区地表沉陷监测与动态预计一体化。通过比较、分析GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型对地表沉陷量的拟合及预计结果,得出了2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性:在矿区开采沉陷开始至活跃前期,若地表单点沉陷量曲线呈近似单峰型,则宜采用GM(1,1)进行短期预计;当矿区地表沉陷进入衰退阶段,单点沉陷量曲线呈平底饱和状态,则宜采用灰色Verhulst模型进行中长期预计。     

Prediction of surface roughness in CNC turning by model-assisted response surface method

Various statistical approaches such as classical regression and modern machine learning methods have been applied to measurement data for estimating the status of manufacturing processes, which is now boosted by the movement of Internet of Things (IoT). In this study, we attempt to integrate an analytical tool model of surface roughness and measurement data of CNC turning to develop a modeling approach which does not depend too much on data, but also effectively uses existing analytical models. As in previous researches, we use cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and three acceleration components from an accelerometer to predict surface roughness. Co-Kriging method is employed to integrate the above measurements and a well-known model of surface roughness in turning. It was confirmed that the approach improved the prediction accuracy when only small amount of data is available for model construction. Meanwhile, the accuracy of ordinary Kriging method, which only depends on data, is suitable when measurement data sufficiently spans the parameter space, being expected that it may be rare in actual operations. We also attempted to detect outlier of measurements using the Co-Kriging method, which might be a non-trivial task when there is no additional information to evaluate the validity of the measurement data.     

基于关键拓扑变动项辨识的调度操作潮流校核方法

为解决传统调度操作潮流校核中的有效性问题，定义了一种面向调度操作的关键拓扑变动概念，提出并实现了基于关键拓扑变动辨识的调度操作潮流校核方法。首先，剖析了调度操作安全校核的实施目的，围绕其运行断面潮流校验的校核目的，定义了面向调度操作的关键拓扑变动概念，并基于网络拓扑连接关系设计了其辨识方法。在此基础上，提出了基于关键拓扑变动项辨识的调度操作潮流校核方法，明确了其实施流程和要点。最后基于当前电网调度自动化系统实际，构建了其实施框架，并介绍了其在某电网的实施效益。     

Three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter based on the SOGI filter and Lyapunov function for DC bus control

The three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (SAPF) was developed to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, and for the compensation of unbalanced nonlinear load currents, reactive power, and the harmonic neutral current. In this work, we consider instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory) for reference current identification based on the following two algorithms: the classic low-pass filter (LPF) and the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter. Furthermore, since an important process in SAPF control is the regulation of the DC bus voltage at the capacitor, a new controller based on the Lyapunov function is also proposed. A complete simulation of the resultant active filtering system confirms its validity, which uses the SOGI filter to extract the reference currents from the distorted line currents, compared with the traditional PQ theory based on LPF. In addition, the simulation performed also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, for DC bus voltage control based on the Lyapunov function, compared with the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Both novel approaches contribute towards an improvement in the overall performance of the system, which consists of a small rise and settling time, a very low or nonexistent overshoot, and the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).     

鲸鱼优化支持向量机的短期风电功率预测

为提高风电预测的精度,提出一种鲸鱼优化支持向量机SVM(support vector machine)的组合预测模型。该模型针对风电序列的非平稳波动特性,首先应用集合经验模态分解技术EEMD(ensemble empirical mode de?composition)将原始风电序列分解为一系列不同特征尺度的子序列;并引入鲸鱼优化算法WOA(whales optimiza?tion algorithm)解决SVM中学习参数选择难的问题,进而对各子序列建立WOA_SVM预测模型;最后,叠加各子序列的预测值以得到最终预测值。仿真表明,所提EEMD_WOA_SVM模型具有较高的风电预测精度,显著优于其他基本模型。     

考虑变幂数的畸变动力学相似试验模型设计方法及试验研究

动力学相似理论广泛应用于大型结构的振动试验，其中畸变相似用于解决结构的设计参数不满足等比例缩放时的相似问题，针对畸变相似关系中幂数为定值导致预测精度低的问题，提出考虑变幂数的畸变动力学相似试验模型设计方法。首先，在敏感性分析与中心差分理论推导的幂数表达式的基础上，将中心差分的范围不断扩大得到一组随相似比变化的幂数。采用最小二乘法将这组幂数拟合为关于相似比的函数并建立相似关系。然后，在多盘转子系统的数值算例中将变幂数法与文献中的两种方法进行对比，结果表明，变幂数法的预测精度较文献中的方法有很大提高。最后，通过试验研究验证了数值算例中动力学模型及临界转速求解的正确有效性。相似关系的建立是以模型的临界转速为基础，因此也验证了数值算例中的相似预测结果。     

Process-induced variability modeling of subthreshold leakage power considering device stacking

The dominance of leakage currents in circuit design has been impelled by steady downscaling of MOSFET into nanometer regime, and has become a significant component of total IC power dissipation. The issue is further aggravated with the inability to gauge the tolerance of process parameters around their nominal value. Consequently, the drive to improve the static power prediction has enticed accurate and reliable modeling of leakage current, specifically for ultralow power applications. In contrast to gate- and band-to-band-tunneling leakages, subthreshold leakage exhibits high susceptibility to process variations and hence has been considered for variability modeling. Fluctuations in the device electrical and geometry parameters result in a wider distribution of subthreshold leakage current. Hence, taking into account stacking effect, an analytical variability model to estimate subthreshold leakage power in subthreshold circuits, in the presence of threshold voltage variations is proposed. Further, the impact of threshold voltage variability on subthreshold leakage power is modeled in conjunction with simultaneous variations in gate length and width. The leakage power variability is characterized by model-generated distributions obtained using Monte Carlo analysis and validated against SPICE simulations. The proposed model is about 700 computationally faster than SPICE simulations with mean error being less than 0.19%.     

计及损耗的双馈感应风力发电机高电压穿越控制策略

利用换向原理分析其电磁暂态特性，在此基础上，对DFIG输出无功功率与其铜损耗的解析关系进行了理论分析，推导出了使铜损耗最低的DFIG输出无功功率最优参考值。同时，转子的瞬时功率补偿分量减小了DC总线电压的波动，从而减少了转换器的功率损耗。由此，提出了考虑DFIG铜损和转换器损耗的DFIG高电压穿越控制策略。仿真结果表明，该控制策略可以在保证DFIG高电压穿越能力的同时降低DFIG铜损耗与换流器损耗，并具有较好的暂态特性。